> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.mineglyph.xyz/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.mineglyph.xyz/protocol/emission-and-halving.md).

# Emission & halving

GLYPH is emitted at a fixed rate per second that **halves on a schedule**. The declining rate makes total issuance converge to the 18,900,000 emission cap.

## The schedule

* **Halving interval:** every **180 days**.
* **Initial rate:** the first 180-day period emits **half** of the entire pool (9,450,000 GLYPH), then the rate halves, then halves again, and so on.

```
period 1 (days 0–180)    : rate R      → emits 9,450,000  (½ of pool)
period 2 (days 180–360)  : rate R/2    → emits 4,725,000  (¼ of pool)
period 3 (days 360–540)  : rate R/4    → emits 2,362,500  (⅛ of pool)
period 4 …               : rate R/8    → …
                                        ──────────────────
                            total → converges to 18,900,000
```

Because `½ + ¼ + ⅛ + … = 1`, the sum of all periods approaches — but never exceeds — the full emission pool. The initial rate works out to roughly **0.6076 GLYPH per second** (about 52,500 GLYPH per day at launch).

## Your share

Emission is network-wide. Your personal reward is your slice of it:

```
your reward/sec = emissionPerSecond × (your hashrate ÷ total hashrate)
```

Two things move your rate:

* **Halvings** lower `emissionPerSecond` over time — the whole network earns less per second as the schedule advances.
* **Difficulty** rises when miners join: `total hashrate` grows, so your slice of the same emission shrinks. When a large miner joins, existing miners' rates drop immediately.

## Difficulty in practice

If you're mining alone with all the network's hashrate, you earn the full emission. If a whale with 9× your hashrate joins, the network total becomes 10× yours, and your share falls to 10% — live, the moment they register. This is the "the more the network mines, the thinner every share gets" property, and it's the same feedback loop as Bitcoin difficulty.

## What happens when emission runs out

The rate keeps halving until it effectively reaches zero. Once cumulative emission reaches 18,900,000 GLYPH, no new rewards accrue — mining is complete and the supply is finalized at (or just under, by rounding dust) 21,000,000 including the LP premine. Already-earned rewards remain claimable forever; there is simply nothing new to earn.

## No retroactive emission

Emission that occurs while **no one is mining** (zero total hashrate) is **forfeited**, not paid out retroactively to whoever registers next. The clock only distributes to miners who were actually active during that time.


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